Improvement in machines foe makers lead pencils



rfg-fniter tstrfs getest ffirh EDWARD 'Weissen-BORN, or, HUDSON CITY, NEW JERSEY, Asslencn fro AMERICAN LEAD-PENCIL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Leens mentira, 68,819, and smette' 1o, 18er.'

" -1'Mrimvitrmnr`In MAGHINES ron MARIN@ LEAD reruns.

To 4ALL WHOM Ir MAY ooNcEnN;

Be it knownthat I, EDWARD WEISSENBORN, of Hudson City, in the county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in I Muchines for'Making Lead Pencils; und I do `hereby declare that the following-is u full, clear, und exact description of the salme, reference heing had to annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken in the linegof'fi'g. 2.

Figure 2 is a top or plan view.

Figure@v is un .end view of a portion of the invention. l,

. Figure Sis a transverse section of the `cutter-head of the machine with cutters attached.

Figure is a side 'view of the same.

the

ll'igure 5^ie a transverse section, showing the manner of securing the cutters to a mandrel, in order-that? they may be turned into' propenshape.

Figure 6 is a detached transverse section, showing the manner in which longitudinal grooves are made iir thewooden blank from which the pencils areformed for the reception of the lead.

Figure 7 is a plan viewof one of the wooden blanks lwith the grooves formed in it for the reception the lead. Figure 8 is u detached transverse section, ind

icating the manner in which thewooden i blarlls aredivided.

cylindricdlpericils bymcans of longitudinal grooves'cutintheir opposite sides. 1

divided from eachother or cut froml the blank.

Figure 1 1 is a' similar view, showing hexagonal instead of cylindrical pencils. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures. v

. This invention consistsin a novel means of feeding lead-pencil blanks to thecutters of a whereby `the use of feed-xolleis is dispensed with, thus avoiding the injurious pressure exerted upon theV wooden blanks, and upon the leads when such rollers are employed. ,The invention also consistsiu a novelnrlging ment of cuttersacting upon both sides the blank to divide it longitudinally into pencils of properfuri nt a single `operation,instead of cutting or grooving only one side at one operatin, as in theymachinesheretoi'ere"V constructed fcrthis purpose. The invention further "consists in a. novel construction-of the chznttersoftlie` machine, whereby theymuy-be easily turned into therequired shape ona mandrel in a. lati1'e`, a`nd lby which" they may he more easily secured to the cutter-headthun those heretofore in use, unil by which theyafre also.,

rendered much less liable to warp in hardening. l Y -f o enable others to understand the construction it 'with referenceto the drawings.

l 'A 'is a main frame, which supports the other portions of the machine, and is made oiany'suitablemnterial. Fixed longitudinally upon one s ide of this main frame, at the top thereof, is a small freme,`a,' whichtextends the,`

whole length of thejmain frame and along and uponwhich the wooden strips exi-blanks `frou'lfwhicl!the pencils are made are passedgduring the shttping separating thefpencils, as will" be hereinafter fully set forth.

VB represenstwo arched or hollow hraekets'which project pward from nadat `tl i l,lguideebetweenivhicli theseid blanlcs are passed, as will be hereafter-explained.

I' `R'gily fixed in 'a longitudinalV position-upon the top of each of these brackets Bis `zi. flat4 bar, b`." lfheseid` s b aremade broader at their upper than at their lower sides, or, in other words, are o f doveltail form, as,`

dieser? de' is fis: K1? i 4 C' ,repr e`s ents vertical guides, ofwliic'li `there are two to eachLbracket, B, and which are situatedat' the inner f said brackets, Fired toitheoutfer edge"v of each of these vertical guides,` O ,isa horizontal plate',

Figure 9 isla similar view, lshowing th manner of forming'hexagonal pencils bythe same means. l d. `Figure 10 is aplan view, showing the formation of the grooves by means oi' which cylindrical pencilnnre 1 Vand operation of my invention; I will proceed to describe* operations of grooving the blanksfor'thelreceptionjof theleadulid thea the fram'efa, near one.endthereof,` l a d} .;a nc`e apart'somewhatgifeater than the length ofthe blanks to be operatedupon,`in ordergtofaccoin-ff l .te, aidoveittiil groove longitudinally in itsunde'r side, thejsnid grooves'heiug slipped i .GBSQDYA 2 upon the dovetailed harsl b, and thus seuring the'guides C to the. brackets Bin an upright .position. The t1rguides G upon each bracket are situated .at adistance apartequal to thewidth of the blank,and, may bc' adjusted to suit any width of blank by moving, them' upon 'the-bars 6, and securing. theniat the desired peints thereonby means of pins or screws passing through the plates c into the bars b, or by any other suitable 'mennen' Each of these guides, C, is furnished with a vertical shoulder at a,`the.said Ashoulders actin'g upon thev ends ofthe blanks to keep them in position, and do not extend quite'down tothe upper 'surfac'eof the frame a, sothat 'zi-.space is left through which the blank passes to Ath'ecntters, and vwhich also allows thev proper working of the, blank-feeding apparatus', 'as willbe hereinafterv shown. t

T he' blanks'are simply at slabs or sti-ips of suitable wood, of the same length as the pencils to be made, end 'ol any desired and-uniform width and thickness. These blanks are'placedone above the other in a iorizontal position between the guidesC, as shownv in ealinesiin fig-'1,being'fed into the same from' thctopf, When desired, these guides C .may extend up to that floor-'or story of the 'building above the one occupied by themachine, so that the blanks may be placed between the guidesfroin'such upper story-. i The blanlis are fed to the cutters one at atime from the bottom of v the pile, aswill be hereinafter set forth.4 The bottom of ,the frame a, et that end thereof. at which the guides are situated,vis open, as shown a'tjd, and ineach'sde ol the said end of thc frame a: is formed adove-taii `groove, 'c'. At each'of'the .said lsides is situated a slidingbai- D, which has upon its outermost surface a longitudinahbar, f, which is made of dovetailfform'fjin its cross-section', and is fitted into one of the dove-tail grooves, e, in lthe sides of frame'a,'(as more clearly shown'in 3,) nsuch manner that the sliding bars D are held in proper posi'tlonnln contact with the said'sides oit. theframe, the bars f attached theretov moving longitudinally in the grooves e..' Formed inthe inner and'lower side of cachisliding bar, D, is a longitudinal rebate or recess, g, in which isplaced a pivoted catch, The longarmpf this catch .terminates in an upwardly projecting spur, h, which'works through a slot o r' notch, i, in the :upper side or top` of the said barD. The short arm of the said catch restsagainfstfthe top of thejrebate g, when; the long erario depressed, sc that the spur It is prevented from falling 'toofar below' the slot ornotch i." 'inthe under side' or each catch, E, is a deep transverse notch, j, (1frectangular orm. v

F. represents two upright levers, one of which is shown 1n redA lines in iig. 1',jand' which are pivotcd 'near their lower endson a transf/cree shaft, la. The upper end of each of these leversflf, projects 55nd lits into the notch j of one 'of the catches, E, in suchma-nne'r that when the said upperends of these levers E' are moved v inWardtoward the'centre of the framea, they will rst act upon the catches E to raise the spurs h,"so that they project up through tho slots or notches c' in the uppersidos of the slidinpY bars D, and then slide the said bars inward-toward the said cen-tre ci' the 'fi-ame. d

Attached to the lower and short arm ofeach lever, F, is a spiral spring, l, whchjends to drenthe said lower ends inward, and consequently to Imove the long upper arms thereof, and consequently the sliding bars D, back towards the end of thev frame a. When this backward movement'of the long arms' of the. levers. takes place, the ends of the saidnrms noting upon the opposite or rearmos't sides of the notches j depress 'the long- Aarms `of; the catches E, and bringv thespurs h thereof below the upper surfaces of the sliding bars D, Fixed upon. each lever, F,.at a-Suitabl'e point betwegn its .upper extremity and the shaft k, is a laterally projecting pin, m, which formsA the pivoter axle of a friction-roller, G.

H indicates two cams, (one'of which is shown in redlines,) which are placed Ain linehwith the friction-rollers G, amjarc fixed upon the end of a transverse rotary shaft, io, Thesecams H are placed upon opposite sides- .of

vthe said shaft o, andy act upon the friction-rollers Gr to move the longarnisof. the leversll', and oo'ns'equntly.Ly

the sliding-bars D, alternately inward toward the centre ofthe frame a, whilev n po'rtion ofthe circumference of each cam, H, being formed on the arc of a circle, as from s to r. The said levers andQsliding-bars areheld stationary in such forward position for a short space of time, .as will behcreinatfter' further explained, the levers when released from the action of the cams beingbroughttbacl to their first position by 'thel'spral springs i v acting upon their lower or short arms. Fixed upon that end of the shaft 0,'opposite thc cams H, is a spur-wheel, I, which gears into a' pinion, d',

on another transverse shaft, u, which is also furnished with Aa pulley, K. .A.belt, v, pas/ses from this pulle'ynK, to apulley, L ,on another transverse shaft, w, while a second belt passes :from 'another pulley, y, on thessid shaft w to a pulley, z,.shown in dotted lines on the d rivingehaft M, so that the rotation 'ofthe driving-shaft M communicates arotary motion to the shaft o, and consequently to the cams H, in order tooperate the sliding:

bareD,asjustsetforth.

N isa rotating cutter-head, which' is situated over thc frame a, near the centre thereof, and which'is fixed npon the end of a transverse shaft, b', which works in suitable bearings in the inner end of ahinged frame, P, j

the'opposite end of which is hinged or pivoted to the top or upper side of the main frame A by a transverse shaft or bolt, c. The distance ofthe cutter-head N from the upper surface of the frame a is determined and adjusted by` means of two set-screws d', which extend throughthe outerend of the hinged frame P downward into the top of the main frame A. Fixed upon tho shaft b is a pulley, el, which is connected by means o f a l belt, fl, with a large wheel or pulley, R, upon the drivingshaft M, by which means the rot'ation of the cutter head N is obtained.v

g and hl arc two pivoted pressers, the free ends of which presstightlyupon the upper surface of the blnnl-iglj 'as they pass underneath the cutter-head N, heiug kept in contact therewith by suitable weightsn", suspended' from them by links, y", as shown in iig.' 1. The franse a is divided vertically by u. large opening, S, which extends entirely through the same, and has fixed over it a cover, k', which is made concave on its under 'side.

Situated in this opening S is a second rotating cuttehead, T, which is so placed as to act upon the under side`4 of the` blankes the said blank is moved along the upper side of the frame a, and is x'ed upon the end ol' a"- transverse rotating shaft, il, which w'or'ks in bearings formed ln the inner end of u.hinge-frame, W, the outeg'.

I i i j essie end of which is hinged o r'pivoted tohthe top of the main frame by a traisirerse bolt, m1, the i nner= end,.n'hich r,

carries the rotating shaft','being 4mud'satijn-'stahle by means of set-screws in the samemanner :is th'eother hinged i n and r" are pirated vpressers, the flat or inner ends of which press tightly upwardugainst the under side o f the blankasit'passeslover the cutter-head'l, being kept-.in contact therewith by weights s suspended fromA theouter ends of. the said preesers., Secured upontheshaft 1 `is a pulley, u', whichisconnected bya belt, v', withV the large pulley R, by which means' the proper rotation ofthe said cutter-head T is secured.

It now remains to'explain the' form and construction' of the. cuttersand the man n'er of attaching them to the cutter-heads, which-is mo1e' olearly illustrated in` figs. 3, f1, and 5;A The ,cutterhead is .marked Nin the said figures, but `the cutter-head T "is of f the same construction, and the cutters are attached thereto in the same manner.` B is the central hole of the said cuttcrvhead, by means of which it isfsecured uponit's shaft. C represents ,two cutters seeuredfin' the saidhead N.' One portion of euch of these cutters' is made streicht andllat, as shown l o at a, whilethe'otlierportionorend thereof is made curved in the are of Va circle,- as'shown at b2. i j u l j E are straight slots formed in the cutter-headN,one upon each sido of the-.hole B', and parallel with each other. The straight dat portion al2 ofeach cutter C 'isplaced in one ot` theseslots', E, with the curved portions b' situated upon opposite 's'de'ssof the head N, and pointing in opposite directions, the central `part D of the' 'said head-having its ends rounded' to Vfit the concave inner sides of the said curved'portiorisof the cutters, and

thus more'irmlyI supporting the dame, as more clearly shown in fig. 3, the curved outer surfaces'of the cutters A being eccentric with. the axis of the cutter-head, as represented in the-said` iigure. The outerextrernity of each of the said curved ends 'of the cutters C vconstitutes the cutting edge thereof, and is formedjinthe manherto be presently described. The .cutters are rigidly'secured lin their places by means of set-screvrs,gc2, passing` through opposite sides of the':cutter-head,.with their heads countersunk therein to preventthemfrom interfering with the operation of theeutter-head. v The extremities of'the curved'A parts 'of` the cuttersC may b made to project somewhat pzist the vslots E', the corners of the cutterhead in front of' them being cut away for the purpose, as shown at a3. The manner of forming or turning the outer surface of the curved portions @of the cutters, isshown in iig. 5. j j n t The cutting edges-of the cutters C"heingj formed by the outer extremities of the euri-'ed portions b2, as here i inhcfore mentinednhe shape of thesaid cutting edges,.aud the nature ofv the work doneby them,may be i determined by'longitudinal groovesformed uponithe outer surface of the curved portions aforesaid, or, in other words, by theshape ef the ribs situatedjbetw'een such grooves. Thus the grooves in the cutterdesigned for grooving the blanks for the vreception 'of the lead` are made shallow and quadrangular in form, as shownat l e, in g. 6, the sharpi 'e nds'of'thenarrow'ribs fzbetwn'tliein' cutting the grooves n: in the blankJ, while the i grooves in thecutters designed for dividing the blank into round pencilsare semicircular -in their cross-section,` asshown at ,"in fig. 8, and in those for cutting the-blank intohexagouaipencil's are made sloping at the sides, as shown Vat m2, in'iig. 9, so :is to `cut a triangular groove, indicated `by f in the said figure, `the, pencils being formed from the blank (after the lead has Lbeen put therein) by cutting grooves between the leadslJ `upon oppositesides of the blank, s o as to cut half way through the same from each side,` thus entirely separating thel pencils frein eachother, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth. l l

The operationof the invention is: as follows: A cutterhead furnished with the groovin'gcutters shown in `fig. 6, and hereinbefore ful-ly described, is fixed uponthe shaft bh and a cutter-head"` provided with similar cutters, designed to cut one er more grooves in the under side of the. blanks, may be fixed upon. the shaft ll. i

The lilanks, con si'sting of woodeu'strips or slabs of suitable length, breadth, a'nd'thickness, are placed one sbovethe other between the -gxides C, as shown in'red lines in fig. 1, and hereinbefore fullyexplained; anda rotary motion being given tothe driving-shaft M b'y means of ebelt-wheel, `ze', onfon'e en'd thereof, the cutterhesds' aforesaid, and also thenhaft a, which carries the camsH, are caused torro'tate at the properr'speedf `The position of the sliding-bars D, with reference to the blanks within the aforesaid guides `isrsuchthat when. `the said bars are drawn back or outward, the spursh are situated beyond the outer ends of the lowerxhost blanks, and the cam's `I-I being situated upon opposite sides of the shaft'o, act alternately upon thefriction-rollerGto move the upper or longarm's of thelevers Il", and consequentlythe sliding-bars D inward,'fa.n dgallow them to be brought back oroutward alternately bythe agency ot' the spiral springs l acting upon the lower or sbortcarms of the said levers. i 5

- The operation of ea'ch lever F and slide D may be more particularly describedas follows: The slide D being moved outward, so that the spur islsituated somewhat beyond the outerends of the b lanks, as just mentioned, the cam H, rotating inthe direction shown by the red arrow in ig. 1forces .the iupperand long arm of the lever F inward. The extremity of the said long arm ofthe leverrncting upon the innermost sideof the notch j of the pivoted catch E, tiltsthe said catch E so'that the sped h projects upward through the hole orslot z', and i immediately behind the outer end of thelowermost blank. The continued motion of th'e cam H forcing the long arm-of the lever inward,` causes thesaid spur j'to push the blank inward toward the cutter-head Nythefsaid blank pushing before it the blank which had previously been at the bottom of the pile, and` been pushed inward -by the spurj of the other sliding-bar D, in the saine manner :is the one just described.' The blank being thus pushed inward beyond the inner end ofthe pile of blanks between the guides C, the movement of the cam being continued, a small rccess'or depression, 1, fornied in the circumference of the said cam,immedi,atcly behind its most salieutpart, is brought behind the frictiorvroller G, so that the spring l is enabled to 'bri/ng the long arm ofthe lever back far enough to act uppn the outer'side of the notchj of the pivoted-catch E, and thustilt the said catch so that the sp1-1r h is brought downward below the upper surface thereof, so as not `to interferewith "1 Plunge of the succeeding biankr The senlicircuar `portion from rtofs of the cam H then acts llp'n theimanner.; The rectangular groove'or grooves formed' longitudinal rectangular grooves nf",

. upward frein the upp'e surface of the fraise a,

` each other andtothefeeding devices,

4 friction-roller G to hold the lever F, and-'consequently the sliding-bar D, stationary in its -forward position, the` said bar D sustaining the weight of the-pile of blanlb between the guides C, while the other, cam Hga'cting upon theotherlcver F, operates the other sliding-bar to push the succeedinglowe'rmostiblank ofi'the.sajdpileilyard against the outer or resriuost vend ofthe blankjus-t inentioned, undA thus feeding it underneath Vthegrooving cutters of the cutterb-ead N, whih being done, the lever FA lfirstmentioned is released by its cam H, and brought back to its first position bythe spring looting upon' its' lower end. By these means the pile 'of blanks between the guides C is sustained alternately bythe sliding-bars D, and the lowermost blanks of the said pile .are fed. successively inwerdtby the alternate action of the said sliding-bars, and the blanks are fed to the cutters ofthe cutter-head N by the pushing action' and over the'uttdr-head T, to be groorcd u issue from underneath the cutter-head N, pressure, whichwould be-likely too'ccur if the pressers tig'f and r1 hereinbefore explained. Y 4

When thejcutters attached tothe cutter-head N are of ,the kind shown' in iig. 6, as hcreinbefore set forth, lthe longitudinalprooves forined in tli'e said blank are rectangular in their cross-seetion, as shown at n2, in theI said'gure, iind'ialisoin fig. 7, andare designed to receive the leads which may be placed therein in the usual in the under side of the blank when such cutters are employed-upon ,the cutterLhead T, servein connection with a. suitable stationary 'guiding-spur, to assist in properlyguidi'ng the movement oftho-blan'k duringr the subsequent operntion'of vdividingthe blank into" separate pencils, or,,in vother words, f separating. theJ pencils from each other.'v The blu-nhs bcingzthus provided with and the said grooves being filled with the material constituting the-leads of the pencils, a thin sti-ip ofdriyisuitable wood is glued lor cemented upon the surface of the blank, over the leads, thus enclosing the'said leads'uvithin the wood, whereupon itremains only to properly diyide the blzinks thus constituted in a longitudinal direction between the leads therein in lorder to complete the pencil. This behind them ofthe succeeding'blenk, und in like manner are fed,to p on their under s'idesfoy the pushing ofstho'se behind them as they rollers were employed to` produce the feeding ihiareinentkout-the sobre; nl, holding the blanks in proper position4 while .undergoing the groving operation, as

separation of the pencils is-.etected by cutting through the; blank from opposite sides thereof by means of suitably shaped cutters attached to thecutter-hdds N and T, the said cutter-heads being adjusted'to accommodate by which means .the blanks are. notsubjectellfro severe'orx ipjurious theincreasedthicltnese ofthe blank by means of the set-screws 11"," the blanks-being fed tothe said cutter-heads i in/t'he'same manner as informing the' rectangnlar grooves n, and as hereinbcfore fully set. fo'rth. When the pencils 'are designed tobe cylindrical in shape the cutters are ofthe form shown in cross-section in iig. 8v, while ifarhexagonal pencil is desired, lthe cutters are made Ain the manner shown in cross-section in fig. 9.' `Th`e blanks being passed underneath the cutter-head N, the cutters on the' said head cut longitudinal grooves in the'upper side thereof between' tbe leads enclosedthercin, the said grooves extending rather rnorc than half wuythrough thc'blanl'r, the blank then passing over the cutter-head T." '.Lhe cutters on the said head T cut through the remaining thickness of the blank and divide it into pencils, the' saidpencils being forced out from above-the cutter-headfT by thefpushing action of the pencils formed from the succeeding blank', and being guided in-thjus passing out-from the cutters bypassing into suitably shaped longitudinal grooves formed on the upper surface of the frame a, as shown'at 2 in lig. 2'. InA tlius separating the pencils a stationarystud may be made toproject and to work in a rectangular longitudinal groove formed in the under side of the blank, `(as just hereinbetore fully explained,) in such manner as to prevent any lateral movement ofthe blank, and secure the proper division of the blank in the spaces'between the leads enclosed therein, als hereinbefore fullyexplsined. l l

' What I claim. as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The sliding-bars D carrying the pivoted catches E, and nrrangedin relationwith the and entiers, substantially as herein set forth for the purpose specified.

2.- The sliding-bars D, piroted catches E, and levers F, cornbined with ors l, 'operatingsubstantially as herein set forth forthe purpose specified.

Thenrrangement of the two cutterheads N and T,and their blank-supporting beds, with reference4 to so that. the one cutter shall firstV groove the wholelength of oneside of the blank, and then'thevothe'r the whole length; of'th'e. other side,.-to separate it into pencils als described.

4. The cutters constructed with a f latfportion, a, and curqred'or semicir'cular portlcnybz, and applied tuA the cutterlhead'substantiallyes"iiere'in'set'orth'io the purpose specified. i I v'.

frame o, guides'C,

suitable cams4 H, and spring retractnow. WslssENB'onN. Witnesses Hsnxr T.' ,Buowm W. Monixs' Smm. 

